為瞭解兩種加拿大進口及三種國內木材對家白蟻
(Coptotermes formosanus)
的天然抗性,與對三種木材腐朽菌,Fomitopsis pinicola,
Ganoderma australe和 Gloeophyllum sp.
的耐腐性,將側柏、美國紅檜、台灣紅檜、台灣肖楠及台灣二葉松
(對照木材)
等五種試材切成木塊供抗白蟻及耐腐性測定。結果得知家白蟻取食五種天然試材的平均死亡率
(N = 5) 分別為側柏79.2 ± 4.2 %、美國紅檜 98.2± 1.8 %、台灣紅檜78.4
± 3.9 %、台灣肖楠89.1 ± 4.1 %、台灣二葉松9.7 ± 2.2 %。五種試材經家白蟻取食後之平均重量損失率、分別為側柏5.0
± 1.1%、美國紅檜1.3± 0.3 %、台灣紅檜5.1 ± 0.5 %、台灣肖楠3.0±
0.5 %、台灣二葉松29.1± 3.1 %。五種試材之蛀蝕外觀平均評分分別是側柏7.9、美國紅檜
9.4、台灣紅檜7.6、台灣肖楠8.9、台灣二葉松0.2。白蟻死亡率與重量損失呈顯著負相關
(r = -0.92, P <0.01),與外觀評分呈顯著正相關
(r="0.91," P < 0.01)。五種
試材中,美國紅檜的抗蟻性最佳,台灣二葉松為抗蟻性最差的木材,其他木材介
於兩者之間。耐腐性的測定結果顯示,二種褐腐菌 (F.
pinicola和Gloeophyllum sp.)
造成台灣二葉松木材顯著重量損失,而對其它木材則沒有明顯的利用。白腐菌
(G. australe)
造成美國紅檜及台灣二葉松統計上顯著重量損失,但以重量損失率而
言,白腐菌並沒有顯著消化供試所有木材。
關鍵詞:木材、白蟻、腐朽菌、抗蟻性、耐腐性。
1)台灣省林業試驗所森林化學系,台北市100南海路53號
2)台灣省林業試驗所森林保護系,台北市100南海路53號
3) 通訊作者
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